What is the primary function of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?

The primary function of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to enhance safety by detecting ground faults, which occur when there is an unintended path between the source of current and the grounded surface. A ground fault can happen when electrical current leaks to the ground, potentially leading to electrical shocks or fires. The GFCI monitors the current flowing through the circuit and quickly cuts off power if it detects any imbalance between the incoming and outgoing currents, indicating a fault.

This protective mechanism is crucial in wet or damp areas, such as kitchens or bathrooms, where the risk of electrical shock is higher. By instantly disconnecting power, the GFCI helps prevent serious injuries or fatalities that could result from electrical shock. This is why it is an essential safety device in residential and commercial electrical systems. While sensing short circuits, providing additional outlets, regulating voltage, or enhancing efficiency may all be relevant in electrical systems, they do not capture the primary safety focus that a GFCI provides.